Islam, Apostasy and Missions Essay Example for Free

Islam, Apostasy and Missions Essay Sharkey’s Empire and Muslim Conversion: Historical Reflections on Christian Missions in Egypt, Kieser’s Mission as A Factor of Change in Turkey (Nineteenth to first 50% of Twentieth Century) and Erhan’s Ottoman’s Official Attitude Toward American Missionaries and a part from Timothy Marr’s work â€Å"The Cultural Roots of American Islamicism†, are insightful undertakings that gives an exhaustive insights regarding some authentic wonder relating to Christian Missionaries, Islamic world and American History. Every one of these articles allude to missionaries’ exercises in the diverse topographical locale inside Islamic world however all these demonstrate likenesses in their social and political directions, their examples and methodology and their victories and disappointments. All the creators have attempted to introduce various parts of preacher exercises in the Islamic world with various methodologies of historiography. Be that as it may, for the most part every one of them have shown the Mission’s developments in the Western half of the globe of the Islamic world. Egypt and Ottoman realm during the nineteenth century and mid twentieth century with a concise references to different pieces of Islamic world (Mostly Sharkey has given brief examinations Iran, Pakistan and Indonesia and so forth ) here and there. Their technique to investigate the recorded real factors, to break down the issue and to give decisions stays extraordinary. For instance, Sharkey like a recognized student of history moves toward the inquiry with proficient respectability and objectivity and limits himself from giving clearing decisions about the entire situation that he has examined seriously and broadly. He just gives the checked and evident contentions on the side of his proposition and attempts to coverall the parts of advancement of wonder of Mission action, their triumphs and disappointments and applies these authentic decisions to the contemporary circumstance and administering precept of Clash of Civilization. While Hans-Lucas Kieser contentions clearly without depending much on essential and optional sources however now and again he receives a definitive position over some issue without giving any significant evidence. Despite the fact that Erhan likewise thinks about the marvel of Missionary movement in the Ottoman Empire however he has considered a particular issue of Ottoman’s official mentalities toward proposals Evangelical missions. Other author like Sharkey and Kieser contact a few parts of Ottoman’s approach and arrangements toward these teachers yet Erhan talks about these comprehensively alongside the discretionary relations between Ottoman Empire and United States of America in the mid eighteenth century and how these relations influenced the American evangelists status in the geological space of Ottoman realm. Timothy Marr hypothesizes his hypothesis first and afterward draws on unrealistic scholarly contentions to help his proposal. He gathers all the recorded confirmations that can bolster his proposition and organize them in a manner with the goal that they appear combining on a solitary point I. e. to draw matches between significant precepts of abolitionist soul with sentimental view of Islamic world. He considers the entire Antebellum period. A definitive reasons for all the articles appear to build up a comprehension of the examples and procedures of Evangelical preachers work in the Muslim world and its suggestions in the contemporary situation (with the exception of Timothy Marr that examines the impact of Ismaicism on abolitionist development in America). Sharkey’s work is critical in such manner as its will probably follow down the foundations of Missionary action in the Anglo-American dominion and to find the reasons for the inception of post-pilgrim pattern of considering these ministers as neo-crusaders and defenders of hostile to Islamic neo-colonialism by the Muslim masses. Kieser’s article appears to make a support dependent on recorded statistical data points that Missionaries in the Ottoman realms were â€Å"actors of social and mental change†. He attempts to undermine the well known Muslim thought that Christian ministers were carters of hostile to Muslim plan. Erhan’s â€Å"Ottoman Official Attitudes Toward American Missionaries† give the impression of a total scholarly exercise to propel some verifiable discoveries. All the journalists have determined an exceptional time of Evangelical minister exercises in a specific topographical area. Sharkey considers the Missionary exercises in Egypt however doesn't tough situation himself as far as possible. He covers the provincial and post-pilgrim times yet gives unique consideration to the imperialistic moves of Anglo-American countries and their relationship with the teacher exercises of the Anglo-American Churches. Kieser consider the exercises of ABCFM in the Ottoman Empire particularly the Armenian and Assyrian regions in the nineteenth century and first 50% of twentieth century. Sharkey, Kieser and Erhan receives the equivalent contentious line about the slow development of minister movement and recognized legitimately clarified the wonder of Missionaries’ untimely exercises to change over Muslim to the Christianity, their acknowledgment of the inconceivability of the endeavors and redirection to other socio-strict gatherings and minorities in the equivalent geological region. Sharkey says that in spite of the fact that Ottoman’s political moves of â€Å"liberalism and tolerance† under the Anglo American royal impact has encouraged the evangelist exercises yet socio-social impulses stayed there that prevented the method of preachers and got them far from a plan of transformation. So transformation of greater part Muslims was an unbeneficial exertion. So fanatical preachers directed their concentration toward the Orthodox Christians of the region I. e. to change over local conventional Coptic Christians to Protestants. Kieser has dissected a similar example of preoccupation among the evangelists of ABCFM (American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions) in Ottoman Empire. He outlines that â€Å"The first Missionaries of ABCFM learnt at an early stage the difficulty of evangelizing the individuals from Ottoman ummet†¦Their protection from transformation was halfway due the solid lawful a social assents against changes, yet not exclusively to that. Like the Jews, for profound recorded and mental reasons, the Muslims stayed overall impermeable to the excited methodology of the Protestants. † (Kieser, p. 392-393) He further states that â€Å"therefore the ABCFM focused its work on the Assyrians, Armenians and Greek minorities and stayed in touch with Muslim marginals. † (p. 393) Erhan takes an alternate position and says that the initials endeavors of the American evangelist were coordinated toward Jews living at Palestine (p. 316) however before long understood that Jew were â€Å"tight-weave strict network and along these lines to a great extent insusceptible to Christian outreaching activities† ( Erhan, p. 315) But he further shows that Christian teachers were redirected to their kindred Christian with Eastern form of Christianity. Every one of these scholars have evaluated the circumstance correctly as Quranic orders and â€Å"Shariah’s† decisions that consider Islam as the last form of heavenly religions that envelop the lessons and fundamentals of Christianity and Judaism. These Islamic teachings further hold that â€Å"Murtid† I. e. convert, has no spot in Islamic culture. These directives are mentally and genuinely retained in the Muslims minds so a definitive consequence of disaffection was social untouchable and now and again capital punishment.

Implications of Climate Change Tourism †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Examine about the Implications of Climate Change Tourism. Answer: Presentation: Evolvement of the travel industry area in Australia goes back to the beginning of sixteenth century. Over the time of there have been different advancement in the travel industry division as it has become basic wellsprings of salary for Australia (Ruhanen et.al, 2015). Legislature of Australia has likewise settled legal position Tourism Australia under Tourism Australia act 2004 to regulate promoting and improvement of the travel industry in Australia. Principle target of this authority is to expand potential visitor in nation by spreading mindfulness about different traveler goals in Australia. Focal point of such government is on both neighborhood just as universal vacationer. Exceptional thought is given to worldwide visitors are through them government can acquire net income. This authority additionally leads different looks into with respect to worldwide travel, residential travel and improvement systems of the travel industry in the nation (Forsyth et.al, 2014). The travel industry in Australia is expanding step by step because of its ubiquity particularly among worldwide explorers. This is apparent from the way that in 2016 cash spend by worldwide voyagers has expanded by 14.1% when contrasted with 2015. In 2016 absolute income from the travel industry is $ 47.5 billion which has expanded by 5.3% when contrasted with 2015. In 2016 all out portion of the travel industry segment is 3% of absolute GDP of Australia. Advancement pace of the travel industry part can be assessed from the way that this division is expanding as the pace of multiple times quicker than rest of the Australian economy. Not just has it influenced budgetary state of nation by likewise helps in creating employments for individuals of Australia. In 2016 580800 individuals are straightforwardly utilized in the travel industry part which is 5 % of all out populace of Australia. Subsequently from the above details we can say that travel industry part in Australia is expanding at consistent rate and it is required to develop in not so distant future (Government of Australia, 2016). We have just assessed that in not so distant future these is normal development in the travel industry area of Australia. Reason for this examination is to assess the impact of such development on Flight Center which is a business association working in the travel industry division (Liamputtong, 2013). Centrality of such research This examination will assist Flight with focusing to assess their present situation in the market and their future imminent of development. It will likewise help in making future business arrangements and procedures like monetary arrangement, advertising methodologies, extension systems and so on. This examination can be utilized by different associations working comparative industry as auxiliary wellsprings of data for their exploration (McMillan and Schumacher, 2014). Speculations are the explanations that are accepted by specialist at starting condition of research through foundation study and perception. A portion of the speculations made by us are- The travel industry area is relied upon to increment in not so distant future. Flight Center isn't required to close its business in not so distant future. There are unforeseen occasions that can impact business activities or the travel industry. Aftereffects of the exploration will be controlled by assortment of answers to survey arranged by us in such a way, that a specific end boycott be gained. The examination questions are set up in such a way, that it legitimately shows the connection between flight group and the travel industry in Australia. Research approach Technique utilized for this exploration is through poll. Survey is most usually utilized essential wellspring of assortment of data. Data gathered from survey is bona fide as specialist has an immediate discussion with populace. Each exploration has some confinement which can have negative effect on the assessment of research results. Research the executives requires a great deal of time and cash from start to consummation which is in imperative with us. Because of constrained assets the example size of populace on which this exploration is directed is restricted (Neuman, 2016). References Amelung, B., Nicholls, S. (2014). Ramifications of environmental change for the travel industry in Australia.Tourism Management,41, 228-244. Best, J. W., Kahn, J. V. (2016).Research in training. Pearson Education India. Forsyth, P., Dwyer, L., Spurr, R., Pham, T. (2014). The effects of Australia's takeoff charge: Tourism versus the economy?.Tourism Management,40, 126-136. Legislature of Australia. (2016). The travel industry Australia. Liamputtong, P. (2013).Qualitative research strategies. McMillan, J. H., Schumacher, S. (2014).Research in training: Evidence-based request. Pearson Higher Ed. Neuman, W. L. (2016).Understanding examination. Pearson. Ruhanen, L., Whitford, M., McLennan, C. L. (2015). Indigenous the travel industry in Australia: Time for a reality check.Tourism Management,48, 73-83.

I believe that smile can bridge the gap between people Essay

I accept that grin can overcome any barrier between individuals - Essay Example A grin is a solid outward appearance which shows satisfaction and I accept that it can work towards uniting individuals and furthermore in overcoming any barrier between individuals. The individual occasion that rings a bell with this announcement is a battle that I had with a dear companion of dig which went on for a considerable length of time. The issue would have remained the equivalent and uncertain had I not let go of my cruel sentiments and grinned towards my companion. I have evaluated the way that an individual can utilize his lips to exacerbate connections by utilizing an unforgiving tone and being impolite however a grin on these lips can do the inverse and work towards associating individuals and uniting them. My own experience has made my conviction more grounded that a grin can serve to recuperate scarred connections and it can help in framing securities between individuals. My fix up with perhaps the dearest companion after a battle gave me a solid impression that a gr in can do ponders and can help in settling stressed connections. I was near one of my neighbors and we remained in a similar neighborhood for a considerable length of time. She was a nearby associate of mine and I never delayed in imparting my considerations and insights with her. We shared a solid obligation of kinship and helped each other in troublesome occasions. Not just this, we concentrated in a similar school as little youngsters and this brought us closer. We both thought about each other’s shortcomings and solid focuses and we bolstered each other at each point where one of us going to come up short. She moved from my neighborhood and we joined various schools too yet we despite everything delighted in a similar degree of kinship. Yet, things changed when I had an alternate friend network thus did she. We began getting to know one another and this absence of correspondence brought numerous false impressions. It arrived at a point where we had such a large number of issues with one another that we scarcely talked. Regardless of these issues, I despite everything recalled the great occasions that I had gone through with her and I understood that she had been a nearby helper who had been with me in my seasons of satisfaction just as distress. I wanted that we would be as one again yet I didn't see the chance. At some point while I was outside in the area for a stroll at night, I saw my companion over yonder also. She was there to visit her auntie. When we shared looks, I really wanted to grin at seeing her after so long. She had an exceptionally harsh appearance all over yet after she saw me grinning, she shared the grin and I strolled towards her. On the off chance that I had been similar to her and disregarded her around then, I don't imagine that we could ever have had the option to get over with our issues. This occasion completely caused me to accept that a grin can construct connections and help in rectifying stressed connections. A grin is one of the exceptionally incredible articulations which can do ponders and help in overcoming any barrier between individuals. It is a type of communicating joy. I trust it is a brilliant method for beating issues seeing someone and it can help in uniting isolated loved ones. It works more than words and presents the inviting idea of a person. The individual occasion of my life fortified my perspectives with respect to grinning and it showed me the significance of this articulation and how it really functions as a healer. In the event that an individual can't communicate his sentiments

How do Jane’s experiences at Lowood contribute to her...

How do Jane’s experiences at Lowood contribute to her development? Before arriving at Lowood Jane lived at Gateshead, with her aunt and three cousins. She was unloved and treated badly, and had already developed a determination to stand up for herself and fight for her independence. The young Jane had baffled Mrs Reed, who could obviously not understand â€Å"how for nine years you could be patient and quiescent under any treatment, and in the tenth break out all fire and violence†. At Gateshead she is unhappy and when Mr Lloyd questions her after the â€Å"red-room incident†, she is shown to be naà ¯ve and ignorant of life. She has no real picture of honest, decent, working people and her experience of poverty is limited to her aunt’s†¦show more content†¦Leaving Gateshead behind, with all her bad memories, Jane thinks to herself that things could only get better. Lowood is a charity boarding school for girls. The school curriculum emphasises attitudes towards education of girls, which, then were quite different to todays. It centred around the Bible and the lessons were on things that were suitable for ladies of â€Å"their position† to know. It didn’t take much to be considered a lady, as Bessie points out to Jane, just before Jane leaves for Thornfield. Jane can play the piano well, speak French, paint and draw and â€Å"work on muslin and canvass†, all of which classify her as â€Å"quite a lady†. In the beginning at the insitution, the food is quite unedible: with burnt porridge in the morning and a meagre fair for dinner, the girls are always hungry. But Mr Brocklehurst means them not to be encouraged in â€Å"habits of luxury and indulgence†. His views are extreme, contrasting with Miss Temple’s. Arriving at Lowood, she is shown to Miss Temple, the superintendent of the institution. Miss Temple is pretty in Jane’s eyes and she makes Jane welcome. Miss Temple, the superintendent, is a kind and fair teacher, who treats the girls at Lowood with respect and justice. She has a soft spot for Helen Burns and appears to be one of the strongest influences and role models for Jane during her stay at Lowood. Through Miss Temple’s friendship and example, Jane isShow MoreRelatedJane Eyre Essay3572 Words   |  15 Pagesand Rhys construct the adult selves of Jane and Antoinette and consider how this shapes their relationship with Rochester. Jane Eyre and Wide Sargasso Sea present the childhoods and later lives of two women, who similarly marry the complex character, Mr. Rochester. Both begin their lives as outsiders, Jane because of economic differences to the rest of her family and Antoinette because of racial distinctions to the rest of her community. 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In The Solitude of Prime Numbers by Paolo Giordano, the female protagonist Alice makes most of her decisions in life based on an incident that left her both physically and emotionally unstable. Alternatively, in Charlotte Bronte’s Jane Eyre, Jane too makes decisions based on her experiences, but takes a moral and ethical stance instead of having her decisionsRead MoreReview Of Charlotte Bronte s Jane Eyre 10879 Words   |  44 Pagesoff the Reverend Carus Wilson, the man who ran Cowan Bridge. Bronte lost two of her sisters, Mary and Elizabeth, to tuberculosis at Cowan Bridge. Bronte s brother, Patrick, became addicted to drugs and alcohol before he died. Similarities: She, along with her three sisters, was sent to the Clergy Daughters School at Cowan Bridge. Charlotte Bronte lost her mother when she was five years old, and was raised by her aunt. Jane rejected two offers of marriage, but took one later; Charlotte rejectedRead MoreThe Progression Of The Role Of Women2180 Words   |  9 Pagesunderstand how women’s roles have changed over time, one must first look back to the nineteenth century, when brewing tension and a rigid social climate pushed some women to act differently than others. This is evident in Jane Eyre, in which Jane rises above the constraints placed on her gender. While living at Gateshead under her aunt’s supervision, Jane distances herself from being ladylike, responding to her aunt’s harsh words with sharp statements rather than submitting to her authority as her guardianRead MoreThe Epithet in the Novel Jane Eyre18849 Words   |  76 Pageswe give some theoretical information about Stylistics, style, stylistic devices and functional styles. Also we try to reveal the nature of epithets and their classification. In Chapter II we propose basic information about Charlotte Bronte and her novel â€Å"Jane Eyre† and analyze choice of epithets from his novel applying the received knowledge. In Conclusions we summarize the results which were obtained while carrying out our research. In Bibliography we propose the list of the consulted

Case Study On Nivea For Men Click Now To Get Free Sample

Question: Expain Nivea - For Men Case Analysis? Answer: Introduction: Nivea is actually a Global brand for skin as well as body care products owned by a German firm named Beiersdorf. This company began in the year 1911 when Beiersdorf developed water in the oilemulsifier as a proper skin cream along with the excerpt.Beiersdorfis also amongst internationally leading firms for the skin care and it is even very close to all its consumer, as its offers them compelling, and highly innovative goods and services each time. Beiersdorf enjoys a universal trust right from the NIVEA, which is one amongst worlds largest and vast skin care goods brand, to some other globally successful brands like Eucerin, and La Prairie, plus Labello,8X4, as well as Hansaplast or Elastoplast. Along with above 125 years of skill and experience in the skin care field and being amongst the list of firms having worlds extra modern research and development centers, the firm Beiersdorfis known for all its innovative as well as high-quality goods plus cosmetic products (Ahmad, 2013). The Nivea cream also was first brought and introduced in the year 1911 and had more than some 14 different types of goods ranging from the one related to sun care till the one about facial moisturizers, and deodorant as well as shower products like shower gel and others. In the year 1980 Nivea also launched a product named NIVEA FOR MEN globally, and at this point it was extra popular among male because it did not include alcohol, which generally was thought to be irritating to the skin after men shaved. Are You Daunted by the Thought of due Case Study ? Avail Our Services and Receive Case study Help from experts. History The past of the firm NIVEA is also very much interesting. Its story started when the a pharmacist who was Hamburg-based named as Dr. Oskar Troplowitz combined water as well as oil into some stable cream which was later was achieved through using an emulsifier named as Eucerit. In same year, the same pharmacist introduced name as Nivea from Latin word niveus-that actually means snow-white. As the product was made only for men and there was no other product in the market Nivea enjoyed the privilege of first mover (Berkowitz and Berkowitz, 1992). In the year 1911 NIVEA Cream actually was born and it owes its total development to product named as Eucerit. Just after decades of the research carried there was another study done by Dr. Isaac Lifschutz and then he discovered such revolutionary emulsifier that meant to be a product which was by then available and which could get mixed with a lively substance, fat as well as water and would give out a very stable base intended for the ointment use. The extremely creative person Dr.Troplowitz of Beiersdorf Company utilized Eucerit, and discovered for medical field, as a base for totally new type of cosmetic which was called as NIVEA Cream. The brand Nivea had very brief slump within popularity in year 1920s as well as it underwent a very massive-launch. The outcome for this was that Nivea Crme, now most popular as face cream in world. Overall, Nivea brand presently holds some 203 number one posts all across its approximately 54 nation market. Discussion Describe plus evaluate usefulness of the two pieces of information and data that the firm NIVEA used while preparing the marketing plan for re-launch of Nivea For Men The NIVEA at that time brand was amongst the list of most recognized and well-known skin care as well as beauty products brands in world; it also was first to get introduced in the year 1911. There even were many of the reputed product and brands or bases utilized to market otherwise advertised such brand but owner seemed too look disappointed towards market otherwise advertisement of such brand (Bertelsen, 2012). There even were used and old market plans towards making this brand extra attractive as well as responsible for customers .Also several different strategies in fact were used towards preparation of marketing plan for the firm NIVEA. The initial one was through improving the formula used in products and next was to extend NIVEAS market towards men and try to attack new segment of the society by also launching new product range. In fact in some other words it can also be said that these two were the strategies that the firm used towards re-launching NIVEA and targeting the ma le segment. By using the two strategies this product of NIVEA got re-launched by firm. It also was used as the first data within this case (Bohm, 2009). NEVIA easily and without any hurdle re-launched its product through the two strategies otherwise plans or even the two pieces of information. Through re-launching the Quality the firm was also on the safer side and there even was no actual effect upon the quality. But then NEVIA took a step and continuously it made its quality extra perfect because it always wanted its user to be extensively satisfied and happy. This focus upon the product development mixed along with emphasis upon consumer requirements and needs was the key differentiator of NIVEA. Because they liked while using such product by the females, males must also have a brand loyalty along with NEVIA. Thus the firm took steps towards developing quality of product. They even extensively used SWOT PEST evaluation of the market towards re-launch otherwise towards development of quality of the product (Bryson, 1995). The firm also identified many strength, and weaknesses, opportunities as well as threats so that they would ea sily be prepared for the circumstances and thereby the problems would never last longer with the firm. The firm through past analysis was able to see the future and thereby got prepared for whatever was going to happen. This saved time and money for the firm and proved to be of great advantage (Cateora, 1983). Second piece of the data was used towards making the market plan as well as re-launching of NEVIA and was used towards looking at all target markets for attracting customers and making customers brand loyal to vast extent. The firm also used two different ways to make or advertised NEVIA. Above Line endorsement- It is even known as direct spending for an advertising that was also utilized by Nivea to sell its product. By this approach the firm, easily marketed product through T.V channels etc. Below the Line endorsement- Such endorsement also named as the indirect spending upon promotion was also used and TV channels otherwise commercials were used. They helped the firm reach good number of customers in less time and attain greater market share (Cohen, 1995). By the two ways all the customers were becoming extra knowledge as well as price aware, As NEVIA actually had the uncommon price otherwise lesser cost than other skin care products. There also were sales of the male skincare goods and even had vast share in market. But because of the lack of the benefits and advantage of ever altering social believes and attitudes, and men even were also becoming extra open, otherwise certainly less fighting to the facial products for skin care. After marketing or advertisement of NIVEA and use of above strategies the outcome demonstrated that within UK NIVEA also re-launched and met all its targets as well as this even built on brand plus firms strength towards taking advantages of enhancing change of the male attitudes towards use of skincare goods. When the firm wished to re-launch its brand, the product of the firm that was Nivea for men, the firm took use of the two data's like SWOT analysis plus a proper business plan (Collins, 1989). Marketing experts of the firm also laid down SMART objectives for Nivea that was meant for the firms product made for men and re-launch of the same. These objectives and the two pieces used were realistic, measurable, achievable, and specific and also time bounded. They helped the firm to abide by some definite rules and thereby helped Nivea to re-launch in better was. Analysis of past sales helped in forecasting future sales and analysis of the market helped to know and understand demands of people and their liking as well as dislikes. The brand through these plans and strategies stood as a good and reliable brand and made its place in minds and hearts of people. Nivea also developed the approaches it had used in the past and they proved to be beneficial ones for the firm because they were tested one and it was known that they would bring in success for the firm (Collins, 2001). Nivea enjoyed the place of market leader and use of the older strategies helped it save both time as well as money and thereby transfer the saved cost to the pole or the users which made it a cost leader as well. These plans and strategies helped the firm in building emotional connection with the buyers and thereby developed the firm and its reputation to vast extent. This helped the product Nivea made for men to re-launch itself successfully and attain a good market share. The overall sales, brand rating, image and also innovation capacity of the firm rose to greater extent (Dealtry, 1992). In a nutshell both the pieces of plans and strategies used by the firm were highly successful ones and they helped the firm in great works and attainment of success as well. Explain why the firm NIVEA used the football sponsorship towards helping in increase of its sales for NIVEA INTENDED FOR MEN? Any business requires setting all its general direction intended for the firm through a good and effective business plan. Such a plan would help the organization to set out the way in which the firm is to attain its objectives. The main aims plus objectives of the business informs as well as shapes its overall business plan. For the market as well as advertising of the product NIVEA also undertook certain steps towards some other paths of the marketing plan or else selected the proper target market, also while knowing relationships amid two plans like weather planning for market of the product or towards getting the good will within the market (Fang and Rogerson, n.d.). NIVEA also wanted to anyhow build a proper plus everlasting as well as good relationships plus even liked to maintain it and keep goodwill in market, thus it advertised its product to vast extent. Marketing team of the firm set goal otherwise objective for product of nivea named NIVEA FOR MEN which was also called a smart objective that was specific, measureable, and achievable as well as realistic. Also after creating a good relation with customers the product NIVEA which was intended towards men became a market leader for several nations and then consistently gained additional share in the market. Thus it could be said that customers had affinity with brand (Fine, 2009). This firm emphasized a lot on promotional activities to attain a promotional balance while launching the product via a proper mix of above line plus below line promotions to build stronger affinity for the brand and the product as well. Thus the firm used football sponsorship via which it created a good promotional balance on the both sides of the promotion that is ATL and BTL (Forster, 2002). Use of the sports ads was the main element for the firm which supports football event at grass roots via the partnership with the power league towards building a very positive relation with the mean as the product was targeted to the male segment. It even allowed brand to create plus maintain a proper as well as consistent dialogue along with the men that helped to drive the sales of the product. When owner of firm looked towards goodwill of company as well as wanted to market product, he took steps intended for extra publicity of quality of the product (Giles, 1990). The firm also choose football towards sponsorship for the brand because people in the nation loved this game plus they knew and understood that within those days the football was centre of attraction and in UK it was liked by people to the most extent and was an all time played game otherwise a game which was loved by citizens. Thats the firm knew that through this way the product NIVEA intended for men can properly and easily be marketed. Football being the most popular and loved game in the nation and was one that was watched by mostly men, the firm through football sponsorship attained special benefit and was able to capture better market share. The multimillion pound and a four year agreement or deal made the firm to become the first and foremost one to supply to the football team. Football association also unveiled its 2nd novel commercial partner within time of just a week following an announcement of a novel four-year agreement with the firm Nivea to become official mens grooming supplier to England football team. Many followers of the game got attracted to the cream as they saw the team members and the celebrities using the cream and advertising for the cream (Giles, 1985). The agreement with the football team simply meant that the firm will supply product of Nivea intended for men to the team members of the group which they would use in the changing rooms. Thus fans grooming routine would even change and benefit from association along with the football team via 3 lions crest Nivea for the men grooming sets. By above points it can easily be understood that the causes of the sponsorship with the football was to increase sale and it actually attained its aim very easily. The agreement or the sponsorship with Football Association meant that the product NIVEA FOR MEN would be supplying UK football team all the grooming products for changing room which would ultimately affect their fans as well as and the fans would also tend to buy the products of Nivea (Grunig, Kuhn and Kuhn, 2005). Fans grooming would also take place and they would be exposed to a new product. Nivea intended for Men also adopted idea otherwise concept of thefact that 'Preparation is everything' towards communicating all the benefits and advantages of looking after and taking care of ones skin with proper care regime. Nivea intended for Men also joined a Fiat like novel supplier partners towards football association following announcement of latter deal at end of the last week. Also besides football the firm Nivea for the p roduct Nivea intended for men was also promoting some other sports throughout the globe. The sponsorship provided the firm with several advantages and they were as follows: The firm was able to capture a good market share Nivea was capable of supplying products to football team The firm went for a celebrity endorsements which benefited the firm in many ways Rugby NIVEA FOR MEN within Dubai sponsored a big event, Dubai Rugby 7S within the year 2004 (Haines, 1995). The firm organized such types of events towards becoming popular amongst men; they also promoted their products and services along with help of such events. Through using these links with the sports, this product was capable to build very positive male brand image linked or associated with male facial and skin care goods. It also helps towards enhancing the sales for NIVEA which was intended towards men. This sponsorship brought in positive change within a very small time period (Holloway, 1986). Using case study set a proper SWOT analysis for NIVEAS position merely before re-launch of the NIVEA FOR MEN. NIVEA for its new product intended for men used the SWOT analysis towards helping itself to access market in a superior way. This also took a very detailed look and analysis of internal strengths as well as weaknesses of business plus the external opportunities as well as threats in market place (Hopkins, 1981). Strengths: As the firm for product named Nivea for the men was actually launched in the year 1998 and they created a very strong base within the market of UK. It also had a very strong recognition within the UKs market. The firm had extra confidence within itself and this helped the firm in the long run Re-launching was the best step undertaken by the firm The firm was capable of increasing its market share The firm identified much strength. NIVEA intended for men was UKs market leading product and was well known as facial plus skincare brand that also gave the firm a very strong recognition for the brand. The firm had a very sound economic base thus it had recourses towards putting together a very strong market promotion (Hussey, 1992) The firm had some staffs with relevant knowledge and skills researchers along with scientific skills towards developing product which men want as well as marketing staffs helped the firm with skills towards helping the product to promote such product effectively and efficiently. The firm had very strong research plus development department that helped the firm to bring in new product each time The firm was the first one to introduce a facial or beauty product for men, and thus enjoyed the privilege of the first comer in the market. The firms Nivea that was intended for men was the first cream in the market that did not contain alcohol, this helped the firm to advertise in better way and the firm capture good place in the buyers mind and heart. The firm had all the skills and knowledge of the market The tools used for analysis helped the firm to attain better knowledge of the market. The firm properly evaluated the market well. The firm had a good and well known brand name that helped the firm to get recognized in the market by the consumers (Kempf and Kreuzberg, n.d.) The good research team helped the firm to undertake new experiments and later bring out proper superior and novel product each time. Nivea was the first comer in the market of beauty products for men and thus enjoyed the market share and attained a better share as compared to competitors(Wood, 2003) Weaknesses: More brand for men needed to be aware about weaknesses that the firm had as a drawback. Risk for the target audience while the product range was still relevant otherwise not. The firm didnt know whether it had right sales plus distribution outlets otherwise not. The firm was unaware of the fact that its market research was updated otherwise not. The product was introduced in a very limited range and did not fulfil all the needs for men(Lamb, Hair and McDaniel, 2002) There were actually no properly set model intended for marketing plan within the Nivea intended for men particularly in the UK market, otherwise it could not have been taken some 10 years towards re-launching of the product again, they can also have done re-launching many years back which would have enhanced the share in the market. The firm did not have any specially designed outlet only for men The firm promoted the mens product along with the ladies product in the common outlet. The firm targeted mens segment but never attempted to promote the product specially to men Niveas re-launch of the product for men could have been done some days earlier so that the firm could have enjoyed the benefit quite early. The marketing plan did not build any plan for attainment of penetration in the market (Kotler and Armstrong, 1991). Opportunities: The enhancing and growing chances in the market was clear opportunity Better and specific outlets for only men could have been launched to attain better market share There was an increase in sales for the male beauty and skin care goods, thus there was vast opportunity towards re-launching product as well as making maximum benefit from it (Lindbo, 2013) There were competitors making such products, thus opening doors for maximum research and developments in the filed There were opportunities because men were getting opened to skin care and beauty brands and products as well (Wodarski and Dziegielewski, 2002). The firm wanted advantage of altering plus changing the social attitude and carry out. NIVEA FOR MEN also had seen very much increase within sales of the male skincare products as well as it wanted very greater share in the market. The firm wanted to attain a proper advantage of the ever changing social beliefs and attitudes (Luther, 2001). Men are actually not extra open otherwise certainly are less resistance towards facial skincare goods thus the firm needed to go for extra promotions and advertisements. Threats: The main risk was of competitors that they can enter market of beauty products for men which was needed to anyhow differentiate the product for ensuring that in very enhancing competitive market all its marketing activity and actions gave a very positive return otherwise investment regarding sales as well as profits. It was total new market for the firm and it was the first comer in the field so had no prior experience (Marketing Intelligence Planning Volume 10 Issue 8, 1992) Consumers were becoming extra knowledgeable as well as price conscious and they generally expected the sales promotions like discounts as well as offers. From all above points it can be easily understood that the SWOT Analysis merely before re-launch of the product of Nivea intended for men and the analysis helped the firm to attain a better and good market share and penetrate into the market in a superior way (Westwood, 1998). Discuss how efficient and effective was marketing plan made for NIVEA specifically for the product intended for men? It is known that NIVEA is actually amongst the most recognized and well-known skin plus beauty care products and brands in world, which was introduced within the year 1911 plus the NIVEA brand presently extends to some 14 goods ranges worldwide right from the sun care till the facial moisturizers and deodorant as well as shower products. The product NIVEA intended for men was a brand launched in UK in the year 1998. At this time the total yearly sales of the mens skincare goods in UK was just 68 million along with male facial goods sector that was worth just 7.3million pound (Mintzberg, 1994). The sales of the skin care goods have also grown steadily from launch of the Nivea for the men and market in the year 2008 was also worth over some 17 million along with the male facial goods worth about 49 million pound. The marketing plan was extra effective and efficient and also proved to be a helping hand for the firm (Westwood, 2011). The overall marketing plan outlined all the specific a ctivities and actions that the firm intended to carry out towards interest potential consumers as well as clients in the product otherwise services as well as persuade the consumers to buy the product plus services that the firm offered. This plan was developed like a standalone document and was a part and parcel of the business that helped the firm to maintain its reputation in the market. The firm was also able to communicate with the market in a better way through this plan and a good communication mix was developed and made and was used to interact with the market. Actually the whole plan was a proper blueprint for the communication and the value of the firms product to its consumers (New Strategic Plan, 2004). Effectiveness of marketing plan for the firms leadership status actually presented a very superior economic performance and trust plus reliability. Nivea had 15% market share in global skin care goods market and the plan enabled the firm to enhance the market share. This re-launching plan enabled the firm in several ways and they were as follows: Enhancing the market share Making people more aware about the product and the brand Enhancement in the brand image Reaching better number of customers (Payton, 1987). Attaining good market penetration in the market The re-launching was extra successful for the firm The firm was able to undergo proper research through the market plan The firm established new opportunities and the firm had many chances to undertake new tasks and make novel products(Thompson, 1984) The marketing team utilized the whole research data towards forecasting the market trend in the next 3 to 5 years which helped them to set all specific as well as general targets intended for enhancing sales as well as growing market and also improving whole brand image. It also wanted extra men buying the skincare goods. Also a main aim of the plan was to shift men from merely considering the skincare goods towards making the real purchase (Plesnicar and Zaletel-Kragelj, n.d.). It even aimed towards selling more too male than female and increasing market for mens beauty products. The plan also indicated that ladies were generally the initial buyer of skin care products than men. The firm thereby focused on the product development mixed with the emphasis upon the buyer need that was the main differential for the firm and the product designed for men. This was the main reason why within UK the whole brand was till date market leader for the male facial and skin care product. Advertisi ng within the mans style as well as fashion magazine and articles with the product sampling actually was a vital promotional tool intended for re-launching the Nivea product men (Pride and Ferrell, 2008). The firm used the plan as a path towards enhancing the opportunities for sales. It also used it as a means to develop the brand as an image for products made for men and targeting male segment. This brand always stood for its good quality and excellence and this plan maintained the image and did not ever hamper the image of the firm (Svensson, 2005). The brands core value and trust as well as credibility was properly maintained via this marketing plan which helped the firm in almost all aspects of business and marketing and enabled the firm to attain better success within the process of the re-launch. All the values of the firm was expanded and strengthened to get extra men as well as women get linked with the brand as thinking of Nivea as first and foremost choice of the beauty product (Ratnasingam, 2006). Also the plan enabled the firm to maintain a good budget without any loss to the firm and this proper budget took the firm to long way through the process as well as success. Both below line and above line promotional activities that were undertaken by the firm within the plan helped the firm to reflect on lifestyles of the buyers and brand recognition as well as the quality performance plus price being most significant factors that influenced the firm to differentiate it from the competitors. Sound economic base also enabled the firm to strongly compare it with rivals and thereby made extraordinary plans for the fir which helped to attain extraordinary success (Robins, 2003). The plan used two strategies and they were: To improve formulas for the product- that helped the firm in the process of research and development. To extend Nivea intended for men as a new product range- that enabled the firm to capturenew market withnew type of customers belonging to novel segment (Steiner, 1979). Conclusion Overall understanding- The whole marketing plan of the firm acted as a cycle which started and then ended up and gave the firm a good result. The general and overall conclusion of case study can be said that within UK, NIVEA which was intended towards Men was re-launched and it actually met its aims and targets. The marketing plan proved to be a vast success for the firm and was a vital achievement as well. Marketing plan intended for re-launch actually used two fields and they were past performance plus the forecast of future towards creating proper marketing strategy. With these two approaches the firm was capable of attaining success and enjoyed the market for above 20 years. Also Nivea with this plan became the market leader amongst face caregoods and cosmetics in about more than 24 nations. The firm attained all that it wanted and its strategy otherwise plan nowhere lacked and proved to be a vast support for Nivea in the re-launch that it underwent. NIVEA used its logo since the beginning, and thus fo r all the consumers it became very easy to consider and recognize logo. It also helped NIVEA towards creating a proper trust and good reliability of its goods and services. Though there were some drawbacks but the advantages and benefits attained after the re-launch actually covered all the gaps and made the firm attain better success. Success or failure- The data and information presented here prove that the re-launch was a vast success for the firm and also helped the firm to enhance the overall sales of the firms skin care goods. Also their rate of growth and global market share enhanced after this plan. The specific emphasis of the firm on Men helps it attain a new market share as well and being a cosmetic brand it became famous in the new segment also (STRATEGIC PLAN 1989: PLAN STRATEGIQUE 1989, 1989). References Ahmad, M. (2013). Marketing Case Studies and Swot Analysis. Saarbrucken: LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing. Berkowitz, E. and Berkowitz, E. (1992). Marketing. Homewood, IL: Irwin. Bertelsen, B. (2012). Everything you need to know about SWOT analysis. [Newmarket, Ont.]: BrainMass Inc. Blythe, J. (2006). Marketing. London: SAGE Publications. Bohm, A. (2009). The SWOT Analysis. Munchen: GRIN Verlag. Bryson, J. (1995). Strategic planning for public and nonprofit organizations. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers. Cateora, P. (1983). International marketing. Homewood, Ill.: R.D. Irwin. Cohen, W. (1995). The marketing plan. New York: Wiley. Collins, D. (1989). Micro coring apparatus. Atlanta, Ga.: Georgia Institute of Technology, George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering. Collins, J. (2001). Good to great. New York, NY: HarperBusiness. Dealtry, T. (1992). Dynamic SWOT analysis. Birmingham (Prince's Corner, Harborne Park Road, Harborne, Birmingham. B17 0DE): Dynamic SWOT Associates. Fang, L. and Rogerson, R. (n.d.). Product Market Regulation and Market Work: A Benchmark Analysis. SSRN Journal. Fine, L. (2009). The SWOT analysis. [S.l.]: Kick It. Forster, P. (2002). Plan to survive or survive to plan?. Strat. Change, 11(8), pp.391-397. Frerichs, J. and Brexendorf, T. (2009). Eine Kosmetikmarke in Vietnam: Das Beispiel NIVEA. Marketing Review St. Gallen, 26(3), pp.46-51. Giles, G. (1990). Marketing. Pitman. Giles, W. (1985). Marketing Planning for Maximum Growth. Mrkting Intelligence Plan, 3(3), pp.4-104. Grunig, R., Kuhn, R. and Kuhn, R. (2005). Process-based strategic planning. Berlin: Springer. Haines, S. (1995). Successful strategic planning. Menlo Park, Calif.: Crisp Publications. Holloway, C. (1986). Strategic planning. Chicago: Nelson-Hall. Hopkins, D. (1981). The marketing plan. New York, N.Y.: Conference Board. Hussey, D. (1992). Evaluating a business plan. Strat. Change, 1(2), pp.93-100. Kempf, A. and Kreuzberg, K. (n.d.). Market Timing and Security Market Line Analysis. SSRN Journal. Kotler, P. and Armstrong, G. (1991). Principles of marketing. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice Hall. Lamb, C., Hair, J. and McDaniel, C. (2002). Marketing. Cincinnati, Ohio: South-Western. Lindbo, D. (2013). Updating Our Strategic Plan. CSA News, 58(7), p.21. Luther, W. (2001). The marketing plan. New York: AMACOM. Marketing Intelligence Planning Volume 10 Issue 8. (1992). Mrkting Intelligence Plan, 10(8), pp.1-47. Marketing Intelligence Planning Volume 10 Issue 8. (1992). Mrkting Intelligence Plan, 10(8), pp.1-47. Mintzberg, H. (1994). The rise and fall of strategic planning. New York: Free Press. New Strategic Plan. (2004). NASN School Nurse, 19(6), pp.27-27. Payton, T. (1987). Towards Informed Marketing. Mrkting Intelligence Plan, 5(1), pp.28-33. Plesnicar, A. and Zaletel-Kragelj, L. (n.d.). SWOT analysis. Pride, W. and Ferrell, O. (2008). Marketing. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co. Ratnasingam, P. (2006). SWOT analysis for B2C e-commerce. Hershey, PA: Idea Group Pub. Robins, F. (2003). The marketing of 3G. Mrkting Intelligence Plan, 21(6), pp.370-378. Sandhusen, R. (2000). Marketing. Hauppauge, N.Y.: Barron's. Steiner, G. (1979). Strategic planning. New York: Free Press. STRATEGIC PLAN 1989: PLAN STRATEGIQUE 1989. (1989). The Forestry Chronicle, 65(2), pp.121-132. Svensson, G. (2005). Ethnocentricity in top marketing journals. Mrkting Intelligence Plan, 23(5), pp.422-434. Thompson, M. (1984). Marketing plan. Westwood, J. (1998). The marketing plan. London: Kogan Page. Westwood, J. (2011). How to write a marketing plan. London: Kogan Page. Wodarski, J. and Dziegielewski, S. (2002). Human behavior and the social environment. New York, NY: Springer Pub. Wood, M. (2003). The marketing plan. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. Zikmund, W. and D'Amico, M. (1989). Marketing. New York: Wiley. Zuckerman, A. (2005). Healthcare strategic planning. Chicago, Ill.: Health Administration Press.

Richard Cory by Edwin Arlington Robinson

‘Ricard Cory’ is a paradoxical poem which raises the popular issue of worldly image and inner reality. Depicting the difficult times of the economic depression in 1893, the poem shows the plight of the commoners who could not afford to meat and had to be content eating bread.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on ‘Richard Cory’ by Edwin Arlington Robinson specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The traditional verse style juxtaposed with the simple language used by Arlington is typical of American literary modernism. The theme of the poem fits it perfectly in the genre of American Modern poetry which aims at destroying the traditional myths held by society in general. The poem has a universal appeal and even though it was written so many years ago, continues to be appropriate in today’s times. The subject is modern and is valid even today. In modern times when wealth is equated with happiness, the poem destroys the myth that being rich can be equated with being happy. Arlington’s poem Richard Cory is a modern attempt by the poet to â€Å"scatter conventional taboos† (Perkins Perkins 130). Richard Cory who is a wealthy and powerful gentleman, commits suicide despite the luxuries he enjoys. The poet remarkably presents the case that money and power do not guarantee inner peace and happiness. The poem is an interesting account of the rich and famous Richard Cory who is envied by the poor townspeople. He is stylish and elegant and has all the riches in the world to keep him happy. The towns people are floored by his personality and adore his good looks. Not only do they admire his physical traits but also his kindness reflected in his manners which were â€Å"always human when he talked† (Richard Cory, line 6). Richard Cory is a gentleman from â€Å"soul to crown† with his â€Å"clean-favored and imperially slim† (Richard Cory, line 3 4) persona which â€Å"fluttered pulses† when he greeted people humanely (Richard Cory, line 7). The narrator is so much in awe of Richard Cory that he thinks he is â€Å"richer than a king† with his perfect â€Å"grace† (Richard Cory, line 9,10). The townspeople considered him ideal in every way and desired strongly to be â€Å"in his place† (Richard Cory, line 12). Richard Cory was deemed a superior being by the people of the town that they simply adored him in every way.Advertising Looking for essay on american literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More However, ironically, while the entire town admired Richard Cory and strongly desired to be in his place, one night Richard Cory â€Å"went home and put a bullet in his head† (Richard Cory, line 16). While he appeared to have all the riches in the world, he was spiritually hollow. He was apparently not as calm as visible on the exterior. His calm and poised exterior were a contrast with his unhappy and the stormy mental state. In the poem, Arlington juxtaposes two important elements, worldly wealth and spiritual happiness. While Richard Cory had all the luxuries, he lacked inner peace, happiness and content. Externally he was the object of envy while internally he was depressed and sad. The poem presents the severe reality that richness and grandeur are certainly not indicators of happiness and spiritual peace. The song is based on the poem Richard Cory. The theme is identical and majority of the song is similar to the poem. However, there are few changes to add more punch to it. In keeping with the modern times, the singer has added that Richard Cory was powerful due to his political connections. Also, in the original poem, there are no yacht parties which are common to the rich and famous people in todays times. There are some omissions from the original poem which depict Richard Cory as a quiet gentleman, whereas in the song he is shown to be a flamboyant man enjoying his wealth and riches. It is obvious that modifications to the song have been made to depict the character of the modern man today. Works Cited Perkins, George, Barbara, Perkins. The American Tradition in Literature, Volume II. 12th Ed. New York: McGraw-Hill. 2007. Print. Robinson, Edwin Arlington. â€Å"Richard Cory.† Print. This essay on ‘Richard Cory’ by Edwin Arlington Robinson was written and submitted by user Danny Garrett to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here. 'Richard Cory' by Edwin Arlington Robinson In the poem ‘Richard Cory’, Edwin Arlington Robinson depicts the theme of spiritual emptiness. The poet uses traditional form combined with lean modern language, a characteristic of American Literary Modernism. The poem is a simple and dramatic account of rich and famous Richard Cory who is adored and envied by the commoners. The poem artistically presents the picture of a perfect man, who is a rich and polite, â€Å"gentleman from sole to crown† (line 3). He was â€Å"always human when he talked† (line 6).Advertising We will write a custom article sample on ‘Richard Cory’ by Edwin Arlington Robinson specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More He has the perfect resources for leading a happy life in times when the commoners were struggling to make ends meet. However Richard Cory ends his life in a rather dramatic and shocking manner when â€Å"one calm summer night† he â€Å"Went home and put a bullet through his head† (line 15-16). The final two lines of the poem candidly inform the reader of Cory’s sudden suicide, symbolizing his spiritual barrenness and discontent with life. In the poem, Robinson paints an enviable and admirable picture of Richard Cory as a fine gentleman who was â€Å"richer than a king† (line 9), but commits suicide. The poet exhibits a â€Å"renewed sense of responsibility for fellow human beings† through the poignant theme prevailing over the poem (Perkins Perkins 130). By juxtaposing two strikingly different elements in the poem, economic social success and spiritual vacuum, Robinson leaves the reader with a crucial thought; do social success and wealth connote real happiness? Cory was extremely rich and had all the reasons to be happy, but chose to die by putting a bullet through his head, exposing his misery and spiritual hollowness. Through his modern poetry, Robinson demonstrates the â€Å"determination to scatter conventional taboos† (Perkins Perkins 130). Robinson clearly flits into the genre of American Literary Modernism because the poem is â€Å"a renaissance that targeted the fundamental institutions and cultural assumptions of society† (Perkins Perkins 130). Robinson’s simple yet alluring poetic style makes the poem interesting to read and difficult to forget. What appeals to me most is the juxtaposition of a straightforward classical style with a strong personal and modern intriguing subject. The poem is a calm and lucid account of Richard Cory, who is a rich and happy gentleman by society standards. He has immense monetary possessions which will make him worthy of envy. The simple account of Cory’s flamboyant life is contrasted with his shocking end. Without making the poem too dramatic in content, the poet sends out a clear message – worldly success is not a barometer for happiness. Worldly riches may make life comfortable but fail to bring peace and harmony. The poem is an example of a perfect rhetoric, simple and eloquent, alongside an honest theme projecting brutal reality.Advertising Looking for article on american literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In the song, Paul Simon, seems to be intrigued by the richness, flamboyance and social success of Richard Cory. Simon has made some additions to the original poem. He has added lines to show Cory’s political connections and yacht parties to the song. He has also adds that Cory owns â€Å"one half of this whole town†, as an exaggeration of his social and financial status. Simon has omitted the physical qualities of grace and good character from the song, originally present in the poem, â€Å"And he was always quietly arrayed,  And he was always human when he talked† (line 4-5). Simon omitted and added lines to the poem to exaggerate it and make it more catchy and appealing to the listeners . Also, the song has been modified to reflect current times when success and richness are associated with politics and grandiosity. Bibliography Perkins, George, Barbara, Perkins. The American Tradition in Literature, Volume II. 12th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill. 2007. Print. Robinson, Edwin Arlington. â€Å"Richard Cory.† The American Tradition in Literature, Volume II. 12th ed. Eds. Perkins George and Barbara Perkins. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2007. 137. Print. This article on ‘Richard Cory’ by Edwin Arlington Robinson was written and submitted by user Trevon Calderon to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Find out What Mysticetes Are

Find out What Mysticetes Are The term  mysticete  refers to large whales that feed using a filtering mechanism made up of baleen plates. These whales are called mysticetes or baleen whales, and they are in the taxonomic group Mysticeti. This is one out of two major groups of whales, the other of which are the odontocetes or toothed whales. Introduction to Mysticetes Mysticetes are carnivores, but rather than feeding with teeth, they use a straining system to eat great quantities of small fish, crustaceans or plankton in one gulp. This is made possible by their baleen plates - fringed plates made of keratin that hang down from the whales palate in the upper jaw and are supported by its gums.    About Baleen Baleen plates resemble vertical blinds on the outside, but on the inside, they have a fringed edge, which is made up of thin, hair-like tubules. The hair-like tubules extend down on the inside of the whales mouth and are supported on their outside by a smooth, fingernail-like cortex. What is the purpose of this baleen? There are hundreds of baleen plates, and the fringe inside each overlaps to create a strainer that allows the whale to filter its food from the ocean water. To gather its food, the whale will gulp or skim the water, and pass the water in between the baleen plates, trapping the prey inside. By feeding this way, a mysticete can gather large quantities of prey but avoid swallowing much salt water.   Characteristics of Mysticetes The baleen is the characteristic that most defines this group of whales. But there are other things that set them apart from other whales. Mysticetes are generally large animals, and this group contains the largest species in the world - the blue whale. All mysticetes have: Baleen plates, which they use for feedingTwo blowholesSymmetrical skullLower jawbones that are solid and do not join in the middle In addition, female mysticetes are larger than males. Mysticetes vs. Odontocetes Mysticetes can be distinguished in the whale world from odontocetes. These whales have teeth, one blowhole, a skull that is asymmetrical and a melon, which is used in echolocation.   Odontocetes also have more variability in size. Rather than all being large or small, they range in size from under three feet to over 50 feet.   Mysticete Species There are 14 currently recognized species of mysticetes, according to the Society for Marine Mammalogy. Blue WhaleFin WhaleSei WhaleBrydes WhaleHumpback WhaleOmuras WhaleCommon  Minke WhaleAntarctic Minke WhaleBowhead WhaleNorth Atlantic Right WhaleSouthern Right WhaleNorth Pacific Right WhalePygmy Right WhaleGray Whale Pronunciation: miss-tuh-seat References and Further Information Bannister, J.L. Baleen Whales.  In  Perrin, W.F., Wursig, B. and J.G.M. Thewissen. Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals. Academic Press.  p. 62-73.Rice, D.W. 2002. Baleen.  In  Perrin, W.F., Wursig, B. and J.G.M. Thewissen. Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals. Academic Press.  p.61-62.